The engagement was an attack by the British Army and the Royal Marines on the heights over-looking Stanley, the Falkland Islands capital. Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired) Rod Eldridge from Waterloo Uncovered assisted the project in his capacity as a mental health professional and said the archaeological work helped support the veterans' "new and updated appraisals of what happened during the battle for Tumbledown". To its great surprise the company met with practically no resistance and quickly secured its objective. [6], Meanwhile, two Royal Navy frigates, HMS Yarmouth and Active, were pounding Tumbledown with their 4.5inch guns. Archaeologists and veterans have been surveying what remains in the battlefields of the Falkland Islands. The successive governments of Argentina had felt the islands to be theirs, however, and over the decades had lodged a series of formaland wholly ineffectualprotests. For his bayonet charge Kiszely was awarded the Military Cross. The British plan called for a diversionary attack south of Mount Tumbledown by a small number of the Scots Guards, assisted by the four light tanks of the Blues and Royals, whilst the main attack came as a three-phase silent advance from the west of Mount Tumbledown. After two hours of hard fighting, the British secured the position. On Mount William's southern slopes, one of the tanks was taken out of action by a booby trap. The Argentine Marine companies withdrew safely, although pursued by artillery fire and hit by a laser-guided bomb dropped by Flight Lieutenant Mark Hare in XZ133 killing two of the Marine canines, Negro and aro. Marine Private Jorge Sanchez recalled: The fighting was sporadic, but at times fierce, as we tried to maintain our position. Clark Mitchell MID 2022-11-13. Flix Roberto Aguiar and Francisco Cervo. Four more men were wounded when they set off mines, in turn giving the Argentines a clear target for mortars and artillery. Tumbledown tells of Lawrence's part in the Falklands War, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. He was immediately replaced on the machine gun and two Royal Marines gave him morphine and first aid." As La Madrid withdrew after suffering five killed,[7] the platoons under Second Lieutenant Aldo Franco and Guillermo Robredo moved in from the eastern edge of the mountain to try to help La Madrid and the Marine 2nd platoon (under Second Lieutenant Marcelo Oruezabala) holding the saddle between Mounts Tumbledown and William. The British fired antitank rockets at enemy positions, but the Argentines held, raining down mortar and machine-gun fire on the guardsmen. [8], Right Flank had achieved this at the cost of five wounded, including Lt. Lawrence. I decided that the only thing was to keep fighting this battle with artillery, otherwise, we were just going to have a lot of shit knocked out of ourselves." It is based on the experiences of Lieutenant Robert Lawrence, who was severely wounded during the battle. Pairs of civilian shoes were found tucked neatly in rock crevices in some of the Argentines' temporary fortifications, or sangars. Nobby knew what we were up to and had dropped in to tell us that he was going to take his patrol forward by helicopter that night and establish an observation post at Port Harriet House." Max Hastings, Simon Jenkins. Advancing out of the central region of Tumbledown Mountain, the British again came under heavy fire from the Argentinians, but by advancing in pairs under covering fire, they succeeded in clearing those RI 6 Company platoons as well, gaining firm control of the mountain's eastern side. Finally, the PARAsdespite the death of their charismatic commander, Lt. Col. Herbert H Jonesgained the upper hand. The explosions prompted the Argentine Marine Major Antonio Pernas to order the 81mm mortar platoon on Mount William and the longer-ranged 120mm mortars attached to 'C' Company, 3rd Infantry Regiment on Sapper Hill to open fire on the minefield and the likely withdrawal route of anyone attacking Mount William. By 6 a.m., Left Flank's attack had clearly stalled and had cost the British company seven men killed and 18 wounded. The Argentinian sniper (in fact Private Luis Jorge Bordn or Walter Ignacio Becerra, according to La Madrid[18]), armed with a FAL rifle, had helped cover the Argentinean retreat, firing shots at a Scout helicopter evacuating wounded off Tumbledown and wounding two men (including Guardsman Kenny Mains). In a meeting with his company commanders the consensus was that the long uphill assault across the harsh ground of Tumbledown would be suicidal in daylight. On the night of 13 June 14 June 1982, the British launched an assault on Mount Tumbledown, one of the highest points near the town of Port Stanley, the capital and succeeded in driving Argentinian forces from the mountain. Having landed-on, the fire was extinguished by the ground crew.". Seeing their company commander among the Argentinians inspired 14 and 15 Platoons to make the final dash across open ground to get within bayoneting distance of the marines. Tumbledown was a key strategic position on the islands and its capture was essential for the British forces to . As they climbed, they came upon unoccupied Argentine tents that contained boxes of highly sophisticated IWS (individual weapon sight) night scopesthe absolute top grade, recalled Lawrence, more advanced than the ones we had ourselves. The attacking British forces consisted of the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards (2SG), mortar detachments from 42 Commando, Royal Marines and the 1st Battalion, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles, (1/7 GR) as well as support from a troop of the Blues and Royals equipped with two Scorpion and two Scimitar armoured vehicles. They also had been trained in night fightingand despite the assurances of the British PARAs, they didnt run. [citation needed]. On the eastern half of the mountain the platoons of conscripts of La Madrid and Mio platoon, were attempting to renew their advance, having already wounded six Guardsmen, so Colonel Scott ordered Right Flank to push on to clear the final positions. "In the gloomy dawn, Captain Villarraza's Forward Observation Officer on Sapper Hill, Second Lieutenant Marcelo De Marco, radioed 3rd Artillery Group for airburst, which wounded eight Gurkhas." The 60mm Mortar Platoon was split in two parts on Tumbledown, with the mortar men positioned near the summit (under Marine Sergeants David Ramos and Lucio Monzn) in support of Vzquez's 4th Platoon. [16][17] He named the tune The Crags of Tumbledown Mountain. Major Jaimet later recalled: I heard the cries of the wounded calling for their comrades, twelve men wounded before nightfall. While this might well describe a scenario from World War I, the date was in fact June 13, 1982, and the trenches in which the British troops huddled were carved not across some stretch of French countryside but into near-frozen tundra by the base of Mount Tumbledown in the subarctic Falkland Islands. Studying the memories of veterans alongside historical sources and the archaeological remains would enable a unique and "enhanced understanding of events", he explained. Wireless Ridge. In 1982 the notoriously oppressive and much-beleaguered military junta that governed Argentina saw the seizure of the Falklands as an opportunity to distract its citizens from the many economic and human rights issues plaguing the country and to unite Argentines behind a self-justifying campaign. It was snowing and we were tired. The Welsh Guards had lost one dead, the Royal Engineers had also lost one dead, and the Gurkhas had sustained altogether 10 wounded. Meanwhile, the 7th Duke of Edinburghs Own Gurkha Rifles had bypassed Tumbledown to capture Mount William to the south, while the Welsh Guards seized Sapper Hill, and 2 PARA took Wireless Ridge. George Washington had complained vociferously about the flood of questionable foreign volunteers. While the British boasted nearly three times as many ships, the Argentines held a 3-to-1 advantage in combat aircraft. 12 June proved to be the toughest day for the Argentine Marines. [5] Major John Kiszely's Left Flank passed through them and reached the central region of the peak unopposed, but then came under heavy fire. Major Iain Charles Mackay-Dick (Westcott 1959-1963), 2nd i/c, 2nd Battalion Scots Guards. "A motorcycle messenger in the Welsh Guards was killed when he ran his bike over a mine after bringing rations up to the front line." Danger came from all quarters, as the surrounding rocks ricocheted rounds in all directions. Right Flank Company was then to advance through Left Flanks zone and secure Tumbledowns eastern flank. Did surely speed the warring parties pact. "The models and the surveyed data also act as a digital archive of the condition of the battlefield and the remains, before they deteriorate and are lost forever," Dr Eve said. To Guardsman Tracy Evens, the Sapper Hill positions looked impregnable: During the battle, Guardsman Philip Williams was knocked unconscious by an explosion, and left for dead. With Colin Firth, Paul Rhys, David Calder, Barbara Leigh-Hunt. For the courage displayed in the attack, men from 2 SG were awarded one Distinguished Service Order, two Military Crosses, two Distinguished Conduct Medals (one posthumously) and two Military Medals. Within days of the Argentine occupation the Thatcher governmentdeclaring the 1,800 Falkland residents to be of British tradition and stockhad established a war cabinet and begun to assemble a naval armada. On the morning of 13 June, the Scots Guards were moved by helicopter from their position at Bluff Cove to an assembly area nearly Goat Ridge, west of Mount Tumbledown. In a meeting with his company commanders the consensus was that the long uphill assault across the harsh ground of Tumbledown would be suicidal in daylight. While awaiting orders, some of the guardsmenmany fresh from ceremonial duty in London and new to combat asked a few of the elite PARAs, who had recently captured Goose Green, how the Argentines had performed in combat. Kiszely was later awarded the Military Cross for his actions that night. The British troops swarmed over the mountaintop and killed, wounded or captured several of the RI 4 and RI 12 defenders, at times fighting with fixed bayonets. After colonial conflicts with France and Spain over the islands, Britain claimed sovereignty in 1774, landed troops to reassert its dominion in 1833 and formally established the Falklands as a Crown colony in 1840. His was not the only tune written about the Falklands campaign. The number and variety of features had been a surprise, he added, and the survey had made it clear that events on other battlefields towards the end of the war, such as on Mount Longdon, had an effect on the Argentine defence of Tumbledown. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The British plan called for a diversionary attack south of Mount Tumbledown by a small number of the Scots Guards assisted by the four light tanks of the Blues and Royals, whilst the main attack came as a three-phase silent advance from the west of Mount Tumbledown. According to Private Jos Luis Fazio: My companions from M Company opened fire on a Sea Harrier, with rifles. Proved British armed forces were still powerful. Jim, who served alongside John, had visited the islands four times prior to the fieldwork. They who made that lonely sacrifice "It's been emotionally very hard and enjoyable and a pleasure all at the same time - just like the four seasons in one day of weather in the Falklands.". "It has been the trip of a lifetime to be part of the project and facing a few demons; it has been a life-changer," he explained. They were well used to it. However, another seven hours were to pass before the summit was reached, with fighting continuing until the morning of 14 June before it was announced that the British had managed to take the mountain. [56], Two British artists have depicted the battle in painting, Mark Churms[57] and Terence Cuneo, the latter commissioned by the Scots Guards. Reaching its objective undetected, the company found the western end of the mountain undefended and occupied it easily, but later came under heavy shellfire that wounded Major Dalzel-Job in the head. Londons Sunday Times later shared with its readers that on Mount Tumbledown the Scots Guards were to face the toughest action of all. When he came to, the rest of the British soldiers had gone. Among them was Lawrence. The Argentinians, in the form of Second Lieutenant Augusto La Madrid's platoon from Major Jaimet's B Company and Marine Lieutenant Hector Mio's amphibious engineer platoon (rallied by Marine Lieutenant Waldemar Aquino and Marine Second Lieutenant De Marco), now counter-attacked and a burst of machine gun fire from La Madrid's men wounded three Guardsmen, including Lieutenant Alasdair Mitchell (commander of 15 Platoon). Port Stanley. The Scots Guards, a regiment of the British Army, suffered significant casualties during the 1982 Falklands War while fighting on Tumbledown Mountain. "We ran over a mine. [7], At 9 p.m., half an hour after the start of the diversionary attack, Major Iain Dalzel-Job's G Company started its advance of nearly two miles. Mount Tumbledown, Mount William and Sapper Hill lie west of the capital. [44][45] Two parked British Sea Kings within range from Koch's Marines sustained minor damage from Sergeant Miguel Angel Vaca's machine-gun and rifle-grenades fired by Corporal Carlos Jorge Sini, but both remained operational. Contents 1 Overview 2 Early moves 3 Diversion 4 Night attack 4.1 Left flank 5 Morning 6 Aftermath 7 Depictions 8 References Overview It was absolutely horrific. 2023 BBC. The Guardsmen traded 66mm rockets and 84mm anti-tank rounds with the Argentinians, who were protected in their rock bunkers. "Alas, we will likely never know what was found and taken by those that took it upon themselves to dig on the battlefield without permissions," Dr Clack added. [33]), On 13 June, a Welsh Guards messenger, bringing forward food supplies to Major Christopher Drewrywe's Number 2 Company (1WG), was killed when his motorbike ran over a mine. The Argentinians, later learned to be of company strength, directed mortar, grenade, machine gun and small arms fire from very close range at the British company, killing three British soldiers. They came on us fast, and we fell back We eventually got through to Stanley, through what I would like to say was a perfect barrage fired by the Royal Artillery. [55], A cross has been erected at the summit of the mountain as a memorial to the soldiers who died in the battle. However, Left Flank had lost two men killed and several wounded during the Argentine counterattack, when mortar fire controllers on Mount William targeted British wounded and stretcher bearers in error. In his moment of victory on the eastern slopes, Lawrence was almost killed when a bullet fired by an Argentine sniper tore off the side of his head. But for the two-and-a-half months previous to this final engagement, the high ground in front of the capital was where the Argentines had dug in - in what were cold, dark, windy and snowy conditions. BRITISH AIRCRAFT LOST 22nd April 12th June 1982", Un ejemplo de opreracin conjunta: Hrcules y Panhard, "The Crags of Mount Tumbledown (Jimmy Riddell)", "Tumbledown Veterans And Families Association > Home", "Notes - Band of the Scots Guards - the Household Division - Official site", "Crags of Tumbledown Mountain, the | Pipetunes", In his first interview in 20 years, Robert Lawrence tells Mark Townsend how the trauma of battle reshaped his life, Reassessing the Fighting Performance of the Argentine 5th Marines, Taken from the diary of Guardsman Tracy Evens, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mount_Tumbledown&oldid=1117859240, The 1st Platoon, under by Marine Second Lieutenant (. [6], The Argentinians, later learned to be of company strength, directed mortar, grenade, machine gun and small arms fire from very close range at the British company, killing three British soldiers. One of a number of night battles that took place during the British advance towards Stanley, the battle led to British troops capturing all the heights above the town, allowing the town's capture and the surrender of the Argentine forces on the islands. Backing them were six 81mm mortars, six 106mm mortars, a howitzer battery and two army artillery groups. The team has mapped rock-built fortifications, firing trenches, and mortar and artillery craters. It made us wonderwhat lay ahead., What lay immediately ahead for Right Flank was intense enemy fire. "A patrol from G Squadron SAS commandeered a civilian yacht at Bluff Cove, had its engine repaired by army engineers and sailed east along the coast in broad daylight. A 155 mm howitzer was lightly damaged and six soldiers injured. Mostly in their 20s, they were the men of the 5th Marine Battalionhighly trained and motivated troops with combat experience in the recent Argentine civil war. The fight for Goose Green was a bloody affair. "Then some days later, a helicopter dropped in at battalion HQ containing an SAS patrol commanded by Corporal Nobby Noble of G Squadron, 22 SAS, and formerly of the Grenadier Guards. Second Lieutenant La Madrid later described the fighting: I went forward to make a reconnaissance and could see that the British had two machineguns and a missile launcher in action. Once through, we dug in at the base of a hill, only to find that it was still occupied by Argentine troops. On William's southern slopes, one of the tanks was taken out of action by a booby trap. The Guards took 30 prisoners, several of them RI 6 soldiers. There the group observed virtual and live firing demonstrations using rifles and pistols, before spending a night under the stars to try out night vision devices. At 4.30 p.m., on 7 June 1982, a British Harrier bombing positions held by the 5th Marine Battalion was hit by concentrated fire from M Company (under Marine Sub-Lieutenant Rodolfo Cionchi) on Sapper Hill. We thought we had suffered before, but what luxury and comfort compared to this. He was awarded the Military Cross for bravery, but he spent a year in a wheelchair and was almost totally paralyzed. Captain Timothy Simon Spicer (School 1966-1969 . They were everywhere. This close-quarters night battle was later dramatized in the BBC drama Tumbledown. [58][59], In the UK a Tumbledown Veterans And Families Association was created. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. I reorganized and found that I was down to sixteen men. This, archaeologist Dr Stuart Eve said, would make it possible to "simulate the different fields of fire", and to record the conditions combatants faced during the course of the campaign. Singly and in small contingents, the rest of the Scots Guards clawed their way to the summit. [60], There is a pipe march written by James Riddell of the 2nd Battalion Scots Guards [61] It is called The Crags Of Tumbledown Mountain. Lieutenant Paul Allen and Marine Wayne McGregor of 7 Troop were both wounded activating anti-personnel mines. I remember thinking, wrote Lawrence, that this was just like the movies.. J. M. Kneen and D. J. Sutton, "Marine Vince Comb, seventeen and a half years old and the youngest man in the troop, was the machine gunner and was hit by bullets in the wrist and arm. From crag to crag amongst the rock, While 45 Commando were marching towards Sapper Hill, Alpha and Charlie Companies from 40 Commando had escaped from the attention of the Argentine defenders on Sapper Hill and they were picked up by helicopters. During the advance, they became bogged down in a minefield, which took them a very long and frustrating time to extract themselves from, after coming under fire from heavy mortars on Sapper Hill. In June, Lieutenant Reynoso's Recce Platoon reportedly exchanged small arms fire with a British patrol (possibly G Squadron from the SAS, who had commandeered a yacht at Bluff Cove Settlement to operate behind Tumbledown[25] and had also sent men forward in a helicopter[26]) infiltrated near Sapper Hill, prior to the final land battles. It was, Lawrence wrote, out-and-out battle, the fullest possible fighting. Throwing himself into the thick of the fight, Major John Kiszely, Left Flanks commander, shot two enemy soldiers and bayoneted a third. In the centre and to the left of the 4th Platoon were Second Lieutenant scar Silva's RI 4 platoon, which had recently fought well on Goat Ridge. The 2nd Platoon, led by Marine Second Lieutenant Marcelo Oruezabala, was dug in between Tumbledown and William. Men were suffering from frostbite and trench foot, and rations were running low. The Battle of Mount Tumbledown was a night battle that lasted 12 hours. Carlos Robacio, BIM5 commander, was awarded the Argentine Nation to the Valour in Combat Medal and the battalion itself was decorated by the Argentine Congress in 2002. They were detected, however, and the British were briefly pinned down by gunfire before a bayonet charge overwhelmed the Argentinian defenders. Close to the heart of any Scots Guardsman, a battlefield study of Mount Tumbledown saw the party given an overview of the famous 1982 battle. "Battle for Mount Tumbledown". Teaching sessions combining archaeology and art in the community's museum and schools were also led by the project's artist - Sergeant-Major (Retired) Douglas Farthing MBE. The explosions prompted the Argentine Marine Major Antonio Pernas to order the 81mm mortar platoon on Mount William and the longer-ranged 120mm mortars attached to 'C' Company, 3rd Infantry Regiment on Sapper Hill to open fire on the minefield and the likely withdrawal route of anyone attacking Mount William. The Argentinians refused to budge; the Guardsmen could hear some of them shouting obscene phrases in English and even singing the March of the Malvinas as they fought. Fighting continued on the eastern flank of the mountain, butlow on ammunition and denied reinforcementsthe Argentine 5th Marine Battalion was ultimately forced to surrender. The Battle of Mount Tumbledown was an engagement during the Falklands War. Coordinates: 514147S 57583W / 51.69639S 57.9675W / -51.69639; -57.9675. "En la madrugada del da 31, dos ataques areos con aviones Vulcan y Harrier sobre las posiciones del RI 3, del RI 25 y la zona del aeropuerto, pusieron fuera de servicio, transitoriamente, el radar de vigilancia de la Fuerza Area." At the time of the battle, Marine Teniente de Navio (Ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant) Eduardo Villarraza's N Company held Mount Tumbledown. He could not have more completely misread the situation or the resolve of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. By this time Lawrence was near the summit, desperately looking for an enemy administration and supply area. Kiszely and six other Guardsmen suddenly found themselves standing on top of the mountain, looking down on Stanley which was under street lighting and vehicles could be seen moving along the roads. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. Due to their proximity to the capital, they were of strategic importance during the 1982 War. At 750 feet, the most challenging objective was Mount Tumbledown, a collection of crags, slabs and boulders that constituted an ideal defensive position. The battle was depicted in the BBC television play Tumbledown, about the experiences of Robert Lawrence before, during and after the war. Williams' parents were informed that he had died and a memorial service was held for him. The close quarter battle was such that the Argentine artillery was unable to drop shells on to the British attackers. The engagement was an attack by the British Army and the Royal Marines on the heights over-looking Stanley, the Falkland Islands capital. The 2nd Battalion Scots Guards had lost eight dead and 43 wounded. [2], During the battle, the 5th Marines Command Post took five direct hits, but Commander Robacio emerged unscathed.[3]. About us| In 2012, Argentine journalist Nicolas Kasanzew wrote a tango called "Carlos Daniel Vazquez's Thermopylae", which is sung by Carlos Longoni. 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