un climate report 2022 summary

font-weight: 600; -moz-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; text-align: center !important; This monthly summary, developed by scientists at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, is part of the suite of climate services NOAA provides to government, business, academia and the public to support informed decision-making.. right: 20px; color:#ffffff; } hide caption. } Report Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, the Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report 28 February 2022 Human-induced climate change is causing dangerous and widespread disruption in nature and affecting the lives of billions of people around the world, despite efforts to reduce the risks. } } ul.underline-links li a:hover, ol.underline-links li a:hover { Yet owing to the postponement of COP26 from 2020 to November 2021 due to the pandemic and the impact that COVID-19 has had on the NDC preparation process, the publication of this key report has been . .observance-item-title { border-top: #00a1d9 solid 3px; The world is not on track to reach the Paris Agreement goals and global temperatures can reach 2.8C by the end of the century. .blue-well { border-bottom: none; color: #337ab7; border-radius: 0px; Experiencing living in different parts of the world has increased his awareness of climate change and the role that we all need to play to find solutions. } Unchecked carbon pollution is forcing the world's most vulnerable on a frog march to destruction now. .card-body a { ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { font-weight: 500; background: #009EDB; height: 205px; background: rgba(77,77,77,0.9); } The report finds that limiting global warming to 1.5C would. For instance, with just 1.5 degrees C of global warming, many glaciers around the world will either disappear completely or lose most of their mass; an additional 350 million people will experience water scarcity by 2030; and as much as 14% of terrestrial species will face high risks of extinction. text-align: left; font-weight: 700; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); ul.block-list li { World Resources Institute .node-sidebar-item-body .menu > li > a { } At least 170 countries climate policies now include adaptation, but many have yet to move beyond planning into implementation. border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; } text-decoration: underline; Similarly, if warming exceeds 1.5 degrees C, even temporarily, much more severe, often irreversible effects of climate change will occur, such as stronger storms, longer heatwaves and droughts, more extreme precipitation, rapid sea-level rise, loss of Arctic sea ice and ice sheets, thawing permafrost and more. The gap between pledges and limiting warming to 2C is 15 GtCO2e a year . font-family: 'Fontawesome'; Further spin is then applied by press releases, which are reported mostly without question by the incurious . border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; United in Science 2020, a new multi-agency report from leading science organizations, highlights the increasing and irreversible impacts of climate change, which affects glaciers, oceans,. Lets take a spin around the world and look at the growing demand for the power of renewables. .vertical-line-left { These climate hazards can have cascading and compounding effects on residents health, food security, access to clean water and livelihoods, which makes them even more vulnerable to future risks. .observance-item-title a:hover { Yet the Emissions Gap Report 2022: The Closing Window - Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies finds that the international community is falling far short of the Paris goals, with no credible pathway to 1.5C in place. Schedule a call with us!Send us an e-mail. margin: 1rem 1.5rem; Learn more about how he helped to build the countrys first solar-powered car. } padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; padding: 20px; .carousel-caption.top-text { content: "\f105"; Nearly half of humanity is living in the danger zone now. width: 360px; a.social-icon-android::after { margin-bottom: 2rem; display: inline-block; Today, half the global population faces water insecurity at least one month per year. By continuing to browse, you accept the use of cookies. .section1 { ul.block-list li h4 a:before { } Monthly Global Temperature. Suite 800 The logo of the United Nations is seen in the General Assembly hall before heads of state begin to speak at the United Nations headquarters during the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly in New York. display: block; WRI relies on the generosity of donors like you to turn research into action. font-weight: 700; border-radius: 0px; Following on the first installment of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group II's contribution, released on February 28, 2022, draws from 34,000 studies and involved 270 authors from 67 countries. padding: 10px 0px; Not sure where to find something? .vertical-line-right { Between January and September 2022, climate mitigation and adaptation sectors had, respectively, 7% and 12% fewer new projects announced. By continuing to browse this site, you consent to the use of cookies and similar technologies. bottom: 20px; text-align: left; padding: 5rem; UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called the report "an atlas of human suffering and a damning indictment of failed climate leadership.". padding: 0 1px 0 5px; Summary. padding-right: 6px; } The March 2022 global surface temperature departure was the fifth highest for March in the 143-year record at 0.95 C (1.71 F) above the 20 th -century average. box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; content: "\f105"; } "It. padding: 5rem; Others have had to abandon low-lying neighborhoods and cultural sites as sea levels rise. -ms-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); } border-radius: 10px; In fact, methane levels, which are largely caused by agricultural farming, oil and gas operations, and abandoned coal mines, are at their highest for 800,000 years. } Even limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F) a global target in the Paris Climate Agreement is not safe for all. } In some regions, these limits are soft effective adaptation measures exist, but political, economic and social challenges hinder implementation, such as limited access to finance. ul.block-list li a { padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; letter-spacing: normal; margin: auto 0; -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); .image-metadata { text-align: center; .text-lead-lg { /* font-weight: bold; */ A full synthesis report of all submitted NDCs had originally been planned to be published close to the 2020 UN Climate Change Conference (COP26). -ms-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); This volume is only part of the sixth assessment report. /* **** icons for links ***** */ .node-sidebar-item-body p a:hover { Find more of our programs online. margin-bottom: 35px; margin-bottom: 1em; The economic, societal and environmental benefits of renewable energy are numerous - It is available in abundance, cheaper and a healthier option for us and our planet. blockquote p::before { ul.underline-links li a, ol.underline-links li a { The United Nations on Monday, Feb. 28, 2022, released a new report on climate change. .caps { What is the IPCC report? color:#009edb; width: 25% !important; Inequity, conflict and development challenges such as poverty, weak governance, and limited access to basic services like healthcare not only heighten sensitivity to hazards, but also constrain communities ability to adapt to climatic changes. At the same time, heat-related mortality will increase while labor productivity decreases, so people will not be able to work harder to overcome drought-related losses. } Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Loss and damage: A moral imperative to act, Monzir Mohammed: Protect the planet from danger, Solar superpowers, wind warriors and hydro heroes: How communities are embracing renewable energy. right: 60%; } font-family: FontAwesome; .unorg-home-hero.col-md-3 { According to NCEI's Global Annual Temperature Outlook, there is a greater than 99% chance that 2022 will rank among the 10-warmest years on record but only an 11% chance that it will rank among the top five. } max-width: 70%; .un-multilingualism { @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333 margin-bottom: 1.2em !important; At 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F), the risk of simultaneous failures in maize production across key growing regions will increase significantly. Coral reefs would decline by 70-90 percent with global warming of 1.5C, whereas virtually all (> 99 percent) would be lost with 2C. } background-color: #f5f5f5; text-align: right; Search all of the site's content. .node-sidebar-item-body ul { .blue-well-large-text { vertical-align: middle; On the 4th of April 2022, the thrid part of the IPCC report has been published. text-align: center; 04 April 2022 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents the Summary for Policymakers of the report Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change which is is the Working Group III contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report which will be completed this year. Exposure to climate impacts rose dramatically in cities since the publication of the IPCCs Fifth Assessment Report in 2014. Watch our Resource Hubfor new articles, research, webinars and more. } Are you sure you want to print? .node-sidebar-item-body ul li a:hover { } margin-right: 50% !important; Three assessed climate change adaptation approaches include: With the 1.1 degrees C of global warming the world is already experiencing, some highly vulnerable people and ecosystems are beginning to reach the limits of what they can adapt to. /*line-height: normal !important;*/ font-weight: auto; text-align: center;*/ } list-style-type: decimal; A damning new report has blown open the process by which some of the science work presented by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is twisted to fit a political narrative through the accompanying Summary for Policymakers (SPM), which is compiled by governments. And ecosystem loss, in turn, amplifies peoples vulnerability. } border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; A new U.N. report outlines numerous changes the world can make now, including shifting to solar and other sources of renewable energy, that would halve global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.. This was also the highest monthly temperature departure since November 2020. Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies, Publication Launch: Emissions Gap Report 2022, Jam open the closing window of climate action. A leaked draft report from the United Nations has painted a distressing picture of how climate change will fundamentally reshape life on Earth in the coming decades, even if humans can tame planet . Experts say this report, part of a scientific assessment done roughly every seven years by the IPCC, is likely the last to be published while the key goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees. We all know they are going to get worse. Necessary to provide basic functions of the website such as page navigation. display: inline-block; -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); color:#ffffff !important; padding: 15px 0; } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { For having a 67% chance, the budget is 400 billion tonnes and for an 83% chance it is 300 billion tonnes. Following on the first installment of the IPCCs Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group II's contribution, released on February 28, 2022, draws from 34,000 studies and involved 270 authors from 67 countries. It will also assess the feasibility of various adaptation strategies to curb current and predicted impacts of climate change. /* ******************** end added by Gedi ***************** */. } border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; /* -- begin added by Gedi --*/ ol.ol-lower-latin { } Global warming will jeopardize food security, as well as increase the incidence of heat-related mortality, heart disease and mental health challenges. position: absolute; } color: #009edb; border-left: solid #eeeeee 5px; .top-bottom-dashed-line { There are solutions you can adopt in your daily life to reduce your personal impact on the environment. Approved by the delegations of 195 nations, the report distills 14,000 individual studies to create an incredibly comprehensive release; even the IPCC's "summary for policymakers," an abstraction of the report's most crucial findings, is 42 pages long. margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; .grey-well { /* .onimage_title { box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); padding-left: 2rem; The logo of the United Nations is seen in the General Assembly hall before heads of state begin to speak at the United Nations headquarters during the 76th Session of the UN General Assembly in New York. } margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; padding: 20px; Only 12 per cent of cities have air quality measures that meet WHO standards. As part of the report, the IPCC set out five scenarios, known as shared socio-economic pathways, in which it highlights the consequences of taking drastic action now and what would happen if no action was taken. #memberStatesIndex { The report shows that updated national pledges since COP26 held in 2021 in Glasgow, UK make a negligible difference to predicted 2030 emissions and that we are far from the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to well below 2C, preferably 1.5C. .photo-credit { Written by 270 researchers from 67 countries, the report is "an atlas of human suffering and a damning indictment of failed climate leadership," said Antnio Guterres, the United Nations. } Land-use change, habitat fragmentation, pollution and species exploitation are weakening ecological resilience. Credit: AP Photo/Noah Berger, File Deadly with extreme weather now, climate change is about to get so much worse. Overshooting 1.5 degrees C also increases the probability of high-impact events, such as mass forest dieback, which would turn critical carbon sinks into carbon sources. padding-left: 2em; I stand up for real climate action, I offset my CO2 emissions!Global warming is everyone's business! UN World Water Development Report 2022: Groundwater: Making the . } } In the third part of the report which was published this last 4th of April, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change gave prominence to three special aspects: For many years now, scientists have been warning about the catastrophic results on the climate if the world reaches average temperatures of 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. font-size: 1.2em; font-family: FontAwesome; } Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: 14. The ocean and the cryosphere in the context of climate change. ol.ol-decimal { On Monday, February 28, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change offsite link (IPCC) will release its latest report, which will focus on climate solutions and regional and local adaptation. The United Nations ' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) is a report about the effects of climate change on the world's seas, sea ice, icecaps and glaciers. line-height: normal !important; .international-items.resolution { The seven warmest Marches have occurred since 2015, while the 10 warmest . } It provides one of the most comprehensive examinations of the intensifying impacts of climate change and future risks, particularly for resource-poor countries and marginalized communities. -moz-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); background-color: #009edb; margin-bottom: 25px !important; } The Final Government Distribution of the final draft of the report and Government Review of the Summary for Policymakers took place from 29 November 2021 to 30 January 2022. .node-sidebar-item-body { } Upon release of the report, politicians and commentators gave their reaction, none more powerfully than by UN Secretary General, Antnio Guterres, who said: IPCC Working Group 1 Report is a code red for humanity. .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul { background: url(https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/arrow.png) no-repeat; } h3.header-lg { UNICEF Youth Advocate and Sudanese climate activist Monzir Mohammed believes in the power of innovation and the empowerment of young people. margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { } .horizontal-line-top { float: right !important; The Emissions Gap Report 2022 finds that the world must cut emissions by 45 per cent to avoid global catastrophe. color:#009edb; Since 2008, devastating floods and storms have forced more than 20 million people from their homes each year. The United Nations is warning that the impacts of global climate change are entering "uncharted territories of destruction" as countries fail to set adequate targets to reduce greenhouse gas . padding:5px 10px !important; margin-right: 0.3em; padding: 1.5rem 0; color: #ffffff !important; font-weight: bold; Urgent action required to deal with increasing risks EDITOR'S NOTE, 2/28/22: A previous version of this article stated that 3.3 billion people live in countries highly vulnerable to climate impacts. .eventitem { padding: 0 1px 0 5px; @media (max-width: 400px) { We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. min-height: 30px; The July global surface temperature was 1.57 F (0.87 C) above the 20th-century average of 60.4 F (15.8 C). ul.spaced-list li { color:#009edb; .country { font-weight: 600; list-style: inherit; Washington DC 20002 And above 3 degrees C (5.4 degrees F), parts of southern Europe will experience dangerously high summertime heat. @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { background-color: #009edb; -o-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; } } The full version will be published in September 2022. Countries and health systems continue to contend with the health, social, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, while Russia's invasion of Ukraine and a persistent fossil fuel overdependence has pushed the world into global energy and cost-of-living crises. padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; IPCC reports take about seven . 10 G Street NE 2: Food systems are responsible for 80% of deforestation, 29% of greenhouse gas emissions and are the single largest cause of biodiversity loss on land. } EDUARDO MUNOZ ALVAREZ/POOL/AFP via Getty Images, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Higher temperatures are also enabling the spread of vector-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus, Lyme disease and malaria, as well as water-borne diseases like cholera. Bruce McDougal watches embers fly over his property as the Bond Fire burns through the Silverado community in Orange County, California, on Dec. 3, 2020. width: 310px; border-top: 2px dashed #aaa; text-align: center; . Implementation of the current pledges will only reduce this to a 2.4-2.6Ctemperature rise by the end of the century, for conditional and unconditional pledges respectively. The facts are undeniable. Even if the world rapidly decarbonizes, greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere and current emissions trends will make some very significant climate impacts unavoidable through 2040. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) will launch the 2022 edition of the Emissions Gap Report: The Closing Window - Climate crisis calls for rapid transformation of societies in a virtual press conference in the lead up to the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27). Global emissions in 2030 are estimated at 58 GtCO2e based on current policies. width: 95%; font-family: 'FontAwesome'; It was approved at the IPCC's 51st Session (IPCC-51) in September 2019 in Monaco. The 2022 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report provides an up-to-date global evaluation of climate change mitigation progress and commitments and an examination of the global emissions sources. Right now, 3.3 billion-3.6 billion people live in countries highly vulnerable to climate impacts, with global hotspots concentrated in Small Island Developing States, the Arctic, South Asia, Central and South America, and much of sub-Saharan Africa. /************ some interactivity */ .member-state-grouping-letter a { .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { font-size: 4rem; .member-state-grouping-letter { } .back-to-toplink { The report finds that only an urgent system-wide transformation can deliver the enormous cuts needed to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2030: 45 per cent compared with projections based on policies currently in place to get on track to 1.5Cand 30 per cent for 2C. It analyzes the influence of national climate commitments on long-term emission targets and discusses developments in mitigation and . font-weight: 600; EDUARDO MUNOZ ALVAREZ/POOL/AFP via Getty Images vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); The IPCC estimates that in the next decade alone, climate change will drive 32-132 million more people into extreme poverty. Read more. left: 5%; -ms-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; } } The IPCC projects that by 2030, extreme droughts across the Amazon will spur rural migration to cities, where Indigenous Peoples and traditional communities will likely be forced to live on the margins. We only collect anonymous data. These cookies allowed us to study how users navigate on the website. Whether facing soft or hard limits of climate adaptation, the result for communities is devastating and oftentimes irreversible. ol.ol-decimal, ol.ol-lower-latin { The last time the IPCC published its climate update, there was a link between human activity and climate change. /* ***** lists ul/ol ***** */ .main-container.container { The first report, released last August, focused on the most up-to-date physical science on climate change, including the rate of warming; U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres called it "a code red for humanity." font-size: 2rem !important; font-size: 32.24px; COBAT; NOS MODLES; NOS PROGRAMMES; TERRAINS BTIR; MAISONS SUR-MESURE; VOUS & NOUS; un climate report 2022 summary un climate report 2022 summary un climate report 2022 summary /*top: 100px;*/ font-size: 4.5rem !important; This report provides an in-depth exploration of how to deliver this transformation, looking at the required actions in the electricity supply, industry, transport and buildings sectors, and the food and financial systems. font-weight: 700; Not only do these urban and rural development patterns shape such unequal experiences of climate hazards, they also make ecosystems themselves more vulnerable to climate change. } } } Together, these impacts will lower families incomes while raising food prices a devastating combination that jeopardizes food security and exacerbates health risks like malnutrition. Those evaluation reports presents the most advanced and recent knowledge on global warming and climate change while highlighting the responsibility of humans in the latter. -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); Cities expanding across coastal wetlands, for example, degrade ecosystems that otherwise would have helped protect shoreline neighborhoods from sea level rise, storm surges and coastal flooding. } } I stand up for real climate action, I offset my CO2 emissions! } border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; The UN Climate Change secretariat's 2021 annual report highlights results from the actions undertaken by the secretariat last year, including: the outcomes from the 2021 May-June Climate Change Sessions (the first time all Parties came together since COP25 in 2019); the positive outcomes from COP 26 in Glasgow, where Parties adopted the Glasgow Climate Pact, which aims to turn the 2020s into . } The IPCC report 2022 warned that the world is set to reach the 1.5C level within the next two decades and said that only the most drastic cuts in carbon emissions from now would help prevent an environmental disaster. In this article, we will take a look at the main findings in the report. Key takeaways: 1: Humans have already transformed more than 70% of the Earth's land area. For instance, if the world warms beyond 1.5 degrees C, communities that depend on glacial and snow melt will face water shortages to which they cannot adapt. border-radius: 10px; The report is the 13th edition in an annual series that provides an overview of the difference between where greenhouse emissions are predicted to be in 2030 and where they should be to avert the worst impacts of climate change. You can support our work by making a gift today or exploring other ways to give. How many tonnes of CO2 do you emit each year? .un-anniversaries { About this Report. font-size: 2.25rem !important; } Animals such as the golden toad and Bramble Cays Melomys (a small rodent) are now extinct due to the warming world. margin-top: 1.0501050105rem; float: left; font-size: 2rem !important; padding-top: 5px; Other animals, such as the flying fox, seabirds and corals, are experiencing mass die-offs, while thousands more have moved to higher latitudes and elevations. margin-left: 25% !important; border-top: solid #eeeeee 5px; The Summary for Policymakers of the IPCC Working Group II report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability was approved on Sunday, February 27 2022, by 195 member governments of the IPCC, through a virtual approval session that was held over two weeks starting on February 14. Summary. Governments, civil society and the private sector must all step up. /* **** adjusting for screen size ***** */ /* ******* phone ********** */ border: none; Staying within this budget, if counting from the beginning of the year 2020, gives a 50% chance to stay below 1.5 C. opacity: 0.7; With fact upon fact, this report reveals how people and the planet are getting. .observances { border-bottom: none; margin-right: 10px; Actual. Download the full report } /* -- begin added by Tulin -- */ h3.header-md { To offset your CO2 emissions and participate in the energy transition. He has lived and worked in four countries on three continents: UK, Spain, Malaysia and South Africa. list-style-type: lower-latin; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24); padding: 3rem 3rem; padding-left: 2rem; The report finds that every tenth of a degree of additional warming will escalate threats to people, species and ecosystems. A new flagship UN report on climate change out Monday indicating that harmful carbon emissions from 2010-2019 have never been higher in human history, is proof that the world is on a "fast. text-align: right; border-top: solid #aaa 1px; a.icon-blue-book::after { .heading-center-underline::after { margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; font-family: 'FontAwesome'; Mai 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: dressing up a sentence activity Beitrags-Kommentare: sphingolipid vs phospholipid sphingolipid vs phospholipid } /* ****** effects for headers ***** */ We all feel them. The IPCC projects that these risks will compound one another as multiple hazards occur at the same time and in the same regions. Indeed the IPCC report 2022 says: It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land. border: solid 1px #000; font-size: 3rem; The UN has released a total of six reports about climate change thus far, though the most recent that was published on April 4, 2022, is the third (and last) part of the official IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, according to Cool Earth. Ahead of COP27, we asked Dr. Adelle Thomas, a lead author of the IPCCs 2022 report on Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, and the Special Report on 1.5C to shed more light on Loss and Damage, what it means for vulnerable populations exposed to the worsening climate impacts, and the growing imperative to address whats at stake. However, the report warned that if not enough is done, the world is close to reaching tipping points on climate change, meaning that we will have gone beyond the point where the damage can be repaired. World Population Prospects 2022 is the twenty-seventh edition of the official United Nations population estimates and projections. background: #eee; This thirteenth edition of the Emissions Gap Report is testimony to inadequate action on the global climate crisis, and is a call for the rapid transformation of societies. padding: 1rem;

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