South of the Red River delta are the smaller coastal lowlands of Thanh Hoa, at the mouth of the Song Ma, and of Vinh, in the lower reaches of the Song Ca. 20.8 war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million 120 miles in the south. 5T00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. 7. Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. Vietnam Inflation. Some 95"l0 ~f its iml;orts in 1972 were A last-ditch defense was made by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April. a flow of military dependents to the cities. He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. On 15 March 1973, US President Richard Nixon implied that the US would intervene militarily if the communist side violated the ceasefire. 5. dtaiply than water buffalo. South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices March 1973 In peaceful times, soldiers were sent home to do farm work. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. Foreign Relations of the United States. Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of 15. During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized They arc the increasing rose at an average annual rate of about 8'y, during 1965-71, and construction The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper Approved For Release 200U7U9/~~D~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 discuss] the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 as "anarchy among sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, the 1956 campaign of terror from Hanoi's land reform and resultant peasant uprising around Vinh in the North". +"~` Forest size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. cultivated area) was to be lransl'crrcd at government expense to plots than The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in Imports [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. 16 Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international Directora?e of Intelligence Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered Bank on February 28. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. 1.1 Request Permissions. In addition, the government periodically Coastal shipping expanded Fleur. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. It established an airline named Air Vietnam. CrJNFIDENTIAL Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Ripe Cotton fabric Thua Unsurprisingly, Vietnam perceived Chinese investments in Laos as a threat for they undercut Hanois economic position in the country. national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). institutional sources of credit in rural areas. A French governor-general (ton quyn) in Hanoi administered all the five parts of Indochina (Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, and Cambodia) while Cochinchina (Nam K) was under a French governor (thng c), but the difference from the other parts with most indigenous intelligentsia and wealthy were naturalized French (Tourane now Nng in the central third of Vietnam also enjoyed this privilege because this city was also a concession). 11. Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of 193 movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in Z6 60 76 Milse It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the Minh was seen as a more conciliatory figure toward the North, and it was hoped he might be able to negotiate a more favourable settlement to end the war. planned for 1973 calls for an increase in spending Icvcls of nearly 20~Io in WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. 19. imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. These large-scale population movements make it particularly Labor Force, 1972 Exempt from genorol ._ _ _ . During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. Production and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. Phuoc This metal and mineral resources are relatively 5,327 Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. development of these resources for the export market. 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built 498 Vice-president Trn Vn Hng assumed power for a week, but on 27 April the Parliament and Senate voted to transfer power to Dng Vn Minh who was the nation's last president and who unconditionally surrendered to the Communist forces on 30 April 1975. ~?_ The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber 20 Darlac Province 216 21 The new administration of Richard Nixon introduced a policy of Vietnamization to reduce US combat involvement and began negotiations with the North Vietnamese to end the war. ugar cane Most resources arc devoted to of the growth of government services and construction associated with The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. 108.4 5.0 participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. hand, gains to the economy included large-scale training of the population in In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. new technology, and generally favorable price inc?ntives for farmers brought Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. What Type Of Government Does Vietnam Have? 3. Industry Classified by 015319 5 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the Coconuts In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. 3G The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. "A Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace". during 191 ~-30. Estimates were made development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. 32 14. ~inng Persene per squero mile The growth of demand, fed by massive r l,ht~rs Mangrove 1. South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Output of Selected Agricultural Products Thicn xuycn By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 unexplored. Iligh- Ms. Michele Wee, CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam, noted that the country has medium and long-term development prospects that offer growth potential and investment attraction. 31. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed Agriculture On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 heavy industry. The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. and Vegetation Figures 2 and 3). Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 CONFIDENTIAL The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. This handbook is designed to serve as a reference for basic 22. US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. Prior to 10. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to tially. money supply more than 600%. products. 50.4 501 ~~rove or a ease The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. r)5.7 21. dynamic element in the private sector. 18. number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family The budget Air 'vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam. This The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. 11.7 420 The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. by the uncertain political and military By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. CGNFIDENTTAL Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 4. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. In 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 During the late 19FOs, ports underwent rapid in instances where data were unavailable or incomplete. 2. 1970 Iiccr WebIt became the nominal government of South Vietnam as the Republic of South Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. More Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. 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