Yet his monument is built up by the price of human blood, and the traders in the bodies and souls of men shoutWe have Washington to our father.Alas! Not everyone. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Great for your high school American Literature class. But we also need to invest as a city and as a society into reading and learning more about the present realities of oppressed peoples. From the round top of your ship of state, dark and threatening clouds may be seen. If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. The speech 'What to the Slaves is the Fourth of July' projected the American Day of Independence from a slave's point of view and brought to light the horrific experiences of slavery. These people were called Tories in the days of your fathers. Products. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. He also wrote a letter to Ida B. He took action to raise the voices of others and to aid their work on the national stage, especially that of two Black women in the last half of the 19th century. You know what is a swine-drover? the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles. The Lords of Buffalo, the Springs of New York, the Lathrops of Auburn, the Coxes and Spencers of Brooklyn, the Gannets and Sharps of Boston, the Deweys of Washington, and other great religious lights of the land have, in utter denial of the authority of Him by whom the professed to he called to the ministry, deliberately taught us, against the example or the Hebrews and against the remonstrance of the Apostles, they teach that we ought to obey mans law before the law of God.My spirit wearies of such blasphemy; and how such men can be supported, as the standing types and representatives of Jesus Christ, is a mystery which I leave others to penetrate. What will this years event be like? In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. They hate all changes, but silver, gold and copper change! We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. To arrest it, to put an end to it, this nation keeps a squadron, at immense cost, on the coast of Africa. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty, hear only his accusers!In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. An American judge gets ten dollars for every victim he con signs to slavery, and five, when he fails to do so. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. They petitioned and remonstrated; they did so in a decorous, respectful, and loyal manner. By that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man are put in peril. Douglass also stresses the view that slaves and free Americans are equal in nature. Douglass says that if the residents of America believe that slaves are "men",[20]:342 they should be treated as such. I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act had passed Congress as part of the broader Compromise of 1850. This, to you, is what the Passover was to the emancipated people of God. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July | Historical Context The Colonial regime paved way for the transportation of slaves from different parts of the world, mostly from the African continent to work in southern states of America on cash crop plantations that generated a great source of income. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? The well-known speech was previously known as The Meaning of July the Fourth for the Negro. Later, the speech was re-titled based on Douglasss question, What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July?. He describes the legislation as "tyrannical," and believes that it is in "violation of justice.". The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. Must I argue that a system thus marked with blood, and stained with pollution, is wrong? You have no right to wear out and waste the hard-earned fame of your fathers to cover your indolence. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. The anti-slavery movement there was not an anti-church movement, for the reason that the church took its full share in prosecuting that movement: and the anti-slavery movement in this country will cease to be an anti-church movement, when the church of this country shall assume a favorable, instead or a hostile position towards that movement. Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass that it should be so; yet so it is. From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty? On July 4, 1852, Frederick Douglass-- a former American slave, abolitionist leader and adroit speaker-- spoke in Rochester, New York about the affectation of celebrating independence. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. With this product, you can choose to either have your students read the entire speech and annotate and analyze Douglass' rhetorical devices or you can choose to have your students read shorter excerpts from the speech and do an abbreviated annotation and analysis of rhetorical devices. What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? For who is there so cold, that a nations sympathy could not warm him? In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. As the project scholar, my role is to advise the process as it rolls out, to give a talk that provides contemporary and historical context and to facilitate the community discussion around the speech against the backdrop of other relevant issues. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. [7], The Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1851. In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). The manhood of the slave is conceded. You declare, before the world, and are understood by the world to declare, that you hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal; and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; and that, among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and yet, you hold securely, in a bondage which, according to your own Thomas Jefferson, is worse than ages of that which your fathers rose in rebellion to oppose, a seventh part of the inhabitants of your country.Fellow-citizens! Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. Douglass then returns to the topic of the founding of the United States. 2. In the end, Douglass wants to keep his hope and faith in humanity high. In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Frederick Douglass sought not only to convince people of the wrongfulness of slavery but also to make abolition more acceptable to Northern whites. Summary: "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" In "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", otherwise known as "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," Frederick Douglassoutlines a careful argument against the institution of slavery and more specifically the Fugitive Slave Act. There I see the tenderest ties ruthlessly broken, to gratify the lust, caprice and rapacity of the buyers and sellers of men. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? A feeling has crept over me, quite unfavorable to the exercise of my limited powers of speech. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. Is it that slavery is not divine; that God did not establish it; that our doctors of divinity are mistaken? There is blasphemy in the thought. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. Yea! It would, certainly, prove nothing, as to what part I might have taken, had I lived during the great controversy of 1776. What characteristics does he praise about them? "Meaning of the Fourth of July to a Negro" by Bridget Durham The Fourth of July is a day of celebration for many Americans because on July 4th, 1776, America declared independence from Britain and said that everyone was free under the US government, right? It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! During the 1850's, the Fourth of July served as a reminder of the many horrors and injustices in the world. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. Who can reason on such a proposition? Seventy-six years, though a good old age for a man, is but a mere speck in the life of a nation. For black men there are neither law, justice, humanity, not religion. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? There is consolation in the thought that America is young. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. He validates the feelings of injustice the Founders felt then juxtaposes their experiences with vivid descriptions of the harshness of slavery.[21]. But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. sanction. welcome anything! It is carried on in all the large towns and cities in one-half of this confederacy; and millions are pocketed every year, by dealers in this horrid traffic. This truth is not a doubtful one. Yea! 2. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. Read its preamble, consider its purposes. To . It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? or is it in the temple? Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his slaves. There was, at that time, a grand slave mart kept at the head of Pratt Street, by Austin Woldfolk. Douglass believed that slavery could be eliminated with the support of the church, and also with the reexamination of what the Bible was actually saying. there is no matter in respect to which, the people of the North have allowed themselves to be so ruinously imposed upon, as that of the pro-slavery character of the Constitution. In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. He is outraged by the lack of responsibility and indifference towards slavery that many sects have taken around the nation. To honor Black History Month, as an introduction or review of rhetorical appeals and devices, or as a speech exemplar, this Frederick Douglass "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" rhetoric activity is a fabulous addition to any lesson. speaking of it relatively, and positively, negatively, and affirmatively. [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. Is slavery among them? His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. The right of the hunter to his prey stands superior to the right of marriage, and to all rights in this republic, the rights of God included! The inaugural meeting between six women took place in Corinthian Hall on August 20. Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! It is the antagonistic force in your government, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union. Douglass addressed a part of the population for which the day had huge significance the true independence, he argues, is not for the American people, but for the American slave. [17] This act drew the ire of the abolitionist movement,[9] and was directly criticized by Douglass in his speech. Americans! You invite to your shores fugitives of oppression from abroad, honor them with banquets, greet them with ovations, cheer them, toast them, salute them, protect them, and pour out your money to them like water; but the fugitives from your own land you advertise, hunt, arrest, shoot and kill. we wept when we remembered Zion. You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. And let me warn you that it is dangerous to copy the example of a nation whose crimes, lowering up to heaven, were thrown down by the breath of the Almighty, burying that nation in irrecoverable ruin! They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. who stand as the very lights of the church, have shamelessly given the sanction of religion and the Bible to the whole slave system. Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. I am not that man. The Sharps, the Clarksons, the Wilberforces, the Buxtons, and Burchells and the Knibbs, were alike famous for their piety, and for their philanthropy. Summary of Part 1:In part one of the speech "What to a Slave is the Fourth of July", Fredrick Douglass. Kate Harris Date Published September 28, 2016 Last Modified November 14, 2021 Description. I can to-day take up the plaintive lament of a peeled and woe-smitten people!By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future, Douglass said. He became a leader in the abolitionist movement, which sought to end the practice of slavery, before and during the Civil War. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. That trade has long since been denounced by this government, as piracy. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. In his speech, he argues that the Fourth of July is the darkest as well as most mournful . They perambulate the country, and crowd the highways of the nation, with droves of human stock. You profess to believe that, of one blood, God made all nations of men to dwell on the face of all the earth, and hath commanded all men, everywhere to love one another; yet you notoriously hate, (and glory in your hatred), all men whose skins are not colored like your own. Oh! No! Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." That is a question Frederick Douglass posed 169 Julys ago in a speech to a group of abolitionists, one that's become perhaps his most famous. [4], Noted for its biting irony and bitter rhetoric, and acute textual analysis of the U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Christian Bible, the speech is among the most widely known of all of Douglass's writings. that he is the rightful owner of his own body? in preference to the gospel, as preached by those Divines! 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