Judges 1:1-3:6 focuses on the closing days of the book of Joshua. The repeated phrase in those days Israel had no king looks backward from a time when Israel did have a king, 2. Know that He disciplines those He loves (Hebrews 12:511). 40:17), (4) Leviticus is given during the one month interval immediately following the filling of the Tabernacle by the glory of YHWH and before the people prepared to leave Sinai for the promised land--March/April [Nisan] 1-30, 1445 (Num 1:1; cf. View Chuck Swindoll's chart of Judges, which divides the book into major sections and highlights themes and key verses. And at the end of his life he brings a snare to Israel. in accordance with a literal interpretation of the biblical numbers in Exodus 12:40 (Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years), Judges 11:26 (While Israel lived in Heshbon and its villages, and in Aroer and its villages, and in all the cities that are on the banks of the Arnon, three hundred years, why did you not recover them within that time?) and 1 Kings 6:1 (Now it came about in the four hundred and eightieth year after the sons of Israel came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the Lord), 1. Prelude to apostasy: incomplete conquests (1:12:5), The unfolding and consequences of apostasy (2:63:6). The book of Judges depicts the life of Israel in the promised land from the death of Joshua to the rise of the monarchy. 1), and its unfaithfulness was to blame (Judg. This is part of a larger series on the Historical Books of the Old Testament to be found at. 17:1820). Introduction to 2 Peter. Clues within Judges suggest it was written before David established his throne in Jerusalem (1004 BC), yet after Saul was anointed king (1051 BC) (compare Judges 1:21 with 2 Samuel 5:67 and Judges 1:29 with 1 Kings 9:16). Introduction and background (1:1--3:6) = 20 years 2. 4. In contrast to the serene way in which the book of Joshua endswith all Israel obeying Gods commands, for the most partthe book of Judges shows that, in fact, Israel began to disobey God even during the time of Joshua. Israels existence in the land, which had been promised by God, was threatened by its continuing apostasy. The stories of each of the twelve judges . [2] So, although the Israelites dwell physically in the Promised Land their disobedience prevents their enjoyment of the promised blessings.[3]. In its place in the Christian cannon, it issues the same call, except that the king is Jesus.[13]The following points are taken from J. Alan Groves: Your email address will not be published. Later he made an ephod that became an object of worship and a snare for him, his family, and all Israel (Judg. Theology: A. YHWH is the covenant God (2:1 who is delivering his people as He revealed himself in Exodus (10:11-12; 2:16; 3:9, 10). Deut 11:26-28; 28:15), D. To remind the people that YHWH is faithful to His covenant and that He, not a judge or king, is the One ultimately responsible for the welfare of Israel, E. To stress for Saul (?) The next book in the English Bible is Ruth, which ends with a genealogy that points to David, the godly king par excellence (Ruth 4:1822). 17:6; 21:25). judges listed earlier in the book, they probably happened in and around the times of various judges mentioned in earlier chapters. Judges 2:6-9 gives a review of Joshua's death (cf. His patience and compassion in delaying judgment upon his people. The tribes fought among themselves, as well, nearly wiping out the tribes of Manasseh (Judges 12) and Benjamin (2021). Before the book is over, gruesome scenes of bodily mutilation and dismemberment are disclosed. The books of Joshua and Judges offer a three-fold thematic scheme consisting of its primary, secondary, and imperative themes. Judges takes place in ancient Canaan, the Promised Land given by God to the Jews. Learn Religions, Aug. 25, 2020, learnreligions.com/book-of-judges-701115. Othniel, the first judge (7-11) Judge Ehud kills fat King Eglon (12-30) Judge Shamgar (31) 4. Major judges such as Gideon (Judg. Title: Bible Class Book on Judges Author: David Padfield Subject: Bible Study Guide on Judges \(Old Testament\) Keywords: judges, bible class, book, study guide, samson, deborah, gideon, joshua, king, israel The second introduction to the book of Judges (2:1-3:6) concludes with a statement addressing Israel's proclivity to marry people from the nations around them: "Their daughters they took to themselves for wives, and their own daughters they gave to their sons, and they served their gods" (3:6). in the book of Judges is clear: the people rebelled through idolatry and disbelief, God brought judgment through foreign oppression, God raised up a delivereror judge, and the people repented and turned back to God. Israelite people, and all future readers of the Bible. In the next account of the call of Gideon the angel of the Lord is sitting under a tree (6:11-14). 5, a general view of the conquest of Canaan. We also do not know where this book was written. 14:10: feast here [Hb. ] Ed, Issue 46, Winter 2023. As Exodus established, Israel was Gods peopleHe was their King. It touched me, so I would recommend it to anyone. Judges 1 (The Land Captured) This entire chapter gives us a parallel account of the takeover of Canaan from the perspective of individual tribes. Substantial theological analysis and exposition for knowledgable readers. Heath Thomas describes the cycle as follows: Thomas argues that this cycle teaches us the propensity for Israel (and us) to sin, the power of prayers and confession, and the mercy of God, both for Israel (and for sinners today). The book of Judges has a structure that breaks quite nicely into three parts[4]: There is also a cycle that flows through the narrative of Judges. eyes. The Book of Judges ( . mishteh] is specifically a drinking feast); he had contact with the dead (e.g., Judg. (Fortress . hbbd``b` @H0' pbX+A )1@8$D6 \/ All rights reserved. Memory is a gift. (2 Sam 5:6-7), 3. As the book unfolds, readers encounter shocking accounts of violence, sexual abuse, idolatry, and misuse of power. The Book of Judges. 14:120), and he had intimate relations with at least two other Philistine women (Judg. While Judges portrays the worst with regard to bad behavior, such realism was included to reveal something important about life and human nature apart from God. By the end of the book, Israel had violated its covenant with God in almost every way imaginable. This would make the book of Judges a complete list but with a theological theme.If the book was written for King Saul, then he is one who is being raised up during a particular generation to do battle with evil and is thus being warned about evil battle before him! Please note, our website requires JavaScript to be supported. . Since the book is a continuation of history following the book of Joshua, many scholars believe that it was . and the rise of Samuel and Saul (mid-11th century). Judges helps us to know God. Following the introduction, the Book of Judges proceeds to describe the central figures during this period of Israel's history. Lesson One . The book describes the deeds of many of these leaders, some of whom helped deliver the Israelites from the effects of their sinful behavior. flawed individuals who answered Gods call to deliver the Israelites in sometimes dramatic form. forty years after the Exodus (1446), G. The Actual conquest lasted for seven years or until 1399 B.C. Judges 2:6-9 gives a review of Joshua's death (cf. A Levite of Ephraim who took as his maiden a concubine from Bethlehem, A movement from a Moabite to David in Bethlehem 4:17-22, Received his concubine from Bethlehem to which she had fled, A Man left Bethlehem, but unlike the other two stories does not ultimately deface the town, but enhances its name, Came to a young man of Ephraim (Micah) (17:1-5, 8), Returned to Ephraim by way of Gibeah of Benjamin, Bethlehem became the subtle setting for the birthplace of King David, Served as a private chaplain in Micahs illicit chapel (17:10-13), Set upon by evil men who brutalized her and left her for dead, Hired by the tribe of Dan as a priest and relocated in Laish (N. Galilee), Her husband related the event to all of Israel (cut up), Established a cult center which continually caused Gods people to stumble, They attacked the tribe of Benjamin almost annihilating it, The Levite was Jonathan the son of Gershom and the grandson of Moses (18:30), Repopulated Benjamin with women from Shiloh and Jabesh Gilead for the 600 surviving men of Benjamin, Jabesh-Gilead was (probably) the home of Sauls ancestors [thus his interest in it]7, Reflects badly on Benjamin and by implication Saul--Sauls ancestors humiliated and disgraced a Bethlehemite, Bethlehem suffered at the hands of Benjaminites, In Those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in His own eyes(Judges 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25; cf. Discover the Basics of the Book of Judges. The Former Prophets also included 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Kings. Judges 1:1 3:6 I. Num. Following the book of Ruth, 1 and 2Samuel relate the establishment of the legitimate Davidic monarchy in Israel, which God was pleased to bless (2Samuel 7). 17:1420). Also Archaeological evidence shows that the temple there was destroyed about 1050 B.C., which must have been immediately after the events of 1 Samuel 42, A. 8:2427). Judges is a stern reminder that God punishes sin but is always ready to take the repentant back into his heart. (2020, August 25). The distinctive story of the events leading up to his birth parallels the accounts of other important figures in the Bible (e.g., Moses, Samuel, John, Jesus), whose births are reported to emphasize divine involvement in and the significance of their lifes mission (Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, DanaM. Pike, and David Rolph Seely, Jehovah and the World of the Old Testament [2009],179). 14:10: feast here [Hb. LEARN MORE There is an ever increasing degree of depravity as Israel goes through repeated cycles of Apostasy, Judgment, and Deliverance over and over and over again. Because of the startling nature of these narratives, it might seem like the book of Judges lacks a content filter, but this is not true. Victory song of Deborah and Barak (1-31) In Joshua, the people were obedient to God in conquering the Land. Samson is another notable figure in the book of Judges (see Judges 1316). The Lord raises up judges to deliver the Israelites. Therefore, they still interacted with the various Canaanite peoples, and as Judges clearly shows, they were constantly being either led astray because of them or oppressed by them. Remembering the past teaches us countless lessons about how to live today. This book was written during the period of the monarchy, judging by the phrase which occurs four times, "In those days there was no king in Israel." The book of Judges depicts the life of Israel in the promised land from the death of Joshua to the rise of the monarchy. The theme of Judges is the downward spiral of Israels national and spiritual life into chaos and rebellion against God, showing the need for a godly king (17:6; 21:25). But God did not forget His covenantand because of His great love for His people, He disciplined His sinful children so that they might return to Him. Judges is a tragic sequel to Joshua. The major problem for Israel during the period of the judges was its penchant for turning away from the Lord and toward the gods of the Canaanites. This autograph album has that component to make many people fall in love. 2023 Insight for Living Ministries. Introduction to the Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual, Lesson 1: Introduction to the Old Testament, Home-Study Lesson: Introduction to the Old TestamentStudying the Scriptures (Unit 1), Home-Study Lesson: Moses 8; Genesis 612; Abraham 12 (Unit 4), Home-Study Lesson: Abraham 3; Genesis 1318 (Unit 5), Home-Study Lesson: Genesis 1927 (Unit 6), Home-Study Lesson: Genesis 2839 (Unit 7), Home-Study Lesson: Genesis 4050 (Unit 8), Home-Study Lesson: Exodus 113 (Unit9), Home-Study Lesson: Exodus 1420 (Unit 10), Home-Study Lesson: Exodus 2134 (Unit 11), Home-Study Lesson: Exodus 3540; Leviticus (Unit 12), Home-Study Lesson: Numbers 121 (Unit 13), Home-Study Lesson: Numbers 2236; Deuteronomy 126 (Unit 14), Home-Study Lesson: Deuteronomy 2734; Joshua (Unit 15), Home-Study Lesson: Judges; Ruth (Unit 16), Home-Study Lesson: 1 Samuel 115 (Unit 17), Home-Study Lesson: 1 Samuel 1631; 2 Samuel 110 (Unit 18), Home-Study Lesson: 2 Samuel 1124; 1 Kings 117 (Unit 19), Home-Study Lesson: 1 Kings 1822; 2 Kings 120 (Unit 20), Introduction to the Books of 1Chronicles; 2Chronicles, Home-Study Lesson: 2 Kings 2125; 1 Chronicles; 2 Chronicles; Ezra; Nehemiah (Unit 21), Home-Study Lesson: Esther; Job; Psalms, Part 1 (Unit 22), Lesson 115: Ecclesiastes; Song of Solomon, Home-Study Lesson: Psalms, Parts 23; Proverbs; Ecclesiastes; Song of Solomon (Unit 23), Home-Study Lesson: Isaiah 123 (Unit 24), Home-Study Lesson: Isaiah 2447 (Unit 25), Home-Study Lesson: Isaiah 4858 (Unit 26), Home-Study Lesson: Isaiah 5966; Jeremiah 133 (Unit 27), Home-Study Lesson: Jeremiah 3452; Lamentations; Ezekiel 132 (Unit 28), Home-Study Lesson: Ezekiel 3348; Daniel 12 (Unit 29), Home-Study Lesson: Daniel 312; Hosea; Joel; Amos (Unit 30), Home-Study Lesson: Obadiah; Jonah; Micah; Nahum; Habakkuk; Zephaniah; Haggai; Zechariah 12 (Unit 31), Home-Study Lesson: Zechariah 314; Malachi 14 (Unit 32), Mosess and Israels Experiences with Jehovah at Mount Sinai, Introduction to the Book of Judges, Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual (2014), Judges, Old Testament Seminary Teacher Manual. In the book of Judges, we clearly observe that life is messy and foul and complicated and that it is the cycle of our own sin that has created these problems. Purpose and Pattern The book of Judges was written to show the consequences of religious unfaithfulness and to point the way to a king who, if righteous, would lead the people to God. These judges were generally military leaders and fighters more than preachers of righteousness (see Bible Dictionary, Judges, the). Introduction to 2 John. Gods people were to fulfill their calling by being faithful to the covenant in the land God had given them. A. Date of events. Like Genesis, Judges pictures a mixture of good and bad behavior: the judges are not idealized, nor is their portrait uniformly negative. INTRODUCTION The Book of Judges is the second book among the section of the historical books of the Christian canon, coming after the Book of Joshua and before the Book of Ruth. the Israelites seduced by the Moabite women in Numbers 25). Introduction to 1 Peter. This companion Journal is NOT required to join us. Othniel, the first judge, judged in the 1300s BC. Deborah initiates the defeat of Sisera and his Canaanite armies. Introduction to Hebrews. The book consists of various blocks of material about different judges, which conceivably could havebeen written by multiple authors over a period of time. Canaanite religion and culture. J. Cheryl Exum writes: "The book may be divided into three parts: a double introduction, which deals with Israel's failure to conquer Canaan completely, first from a military and then from a religious perspective (1:1-3:6); the main body of the book, consisting largely of the adventures of the individual judges (3:7-16:31); and a double . 1316) meets the usual criteria of literary tragedy. Ironically, in this book we meet many heroes of faith: Othniel, Gideon, Samson, Shamgar, Deborah, Jephthah, Ehud . The Period of the Judges 2:6-16:31 A. 6:3640) may indicate a decided lack of faith (or at least fear). What does this book mean for us today? On the other hand, some evidence suggests they persisted in the city to some degree (e.g.,2Sam. 17:6; 21:25). In John 5:39, we are taught that Jesus is the . 6:3640) may indicate a decided lack of faith (or at least fear). Judges urged the need for a king, from Judah, who would fear God, live in covenant faithfulness, and lead the people in doing the same. And unlikely leaders such as Gideon, Jephthah, and Samson become channels of God's unbelievable power. was a dark age of sorts. ), because the introductory framework in chapter1 states that the Jebusites were living in Jerusalem to this day (Judg. This introductory course is designed to provide key insights into the book of Judges by pulling together a number of key resources: overview videos from The Bible Project, helpful contextual information from The ESV Study Bible, commentary recommendations from The Gospel Coalition, a single sermon that sums up the book from beginning to end by Mark Dever, and much more. Caleb then stated that he was 89 years old at the end of the conquest (Joshua 15:10). These judges start off fairly well (Othniel, Ehud, Deborah) but become increasingly worse (Gideon, Jephthah, Samson). We've seen now one minor judge and three major judges. These instructions were very countercultural: rather than a king like the nations, where the prevailing model was the king as warrior, Israels king was to focus on keeping the Mosaic law (Deut. 2:16, 18) and his promises to Abraham and his descendants (Deut. Samuel closed this period of the judges around 1050 BC before the kings arose. Judges 1721 Micah and the Danites create sanctuaries dedicated to idol worship, and a Levite concubine is abused and killed. Introduction: General Introduction to the Period of the Judges, 1:1-2:5 I. 18:30). The time of the judges brought about great apostasy in Israel. Our introduction to the book of Samuel will divide into three parts. Major judges such as Gideon (, Israel needed a godly king to lead it in doing right, The Downward Spiral of Israels Unfaithfulness (. The Israelites forget the Lord, and they worship false gods. The text offers an overview of the main judges who are identified as follows: OthnielWon renown by taking the town of Debir and marrying the daughter of Caleb, Joshua's lieutenant. On the one hand, it is an account of frequent apostasy, provoking divine chastening. In brief, Noth's view was that the books of Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings were written during the Babylonian exile by someone usually deemed, "the Deuteronomist" And from this perspective, the entire Deuteronomistic history, including the book of Deuteronomy, was composed from a variety of earlier written sources during the . The Gospel Coalition supports the church by providing resources that are trusted and timely, winsome and wise, and centered on the gospel of Jesus Christ. His patience and compassion in delaying judgment upon his people. However, there was a continuity of culture at the grassroots level. This accounted for the close connection of Deuteronomy with Joshua and the books that followed. A working date would be 1380-1045 B.C. The author of Judges certainly lived in the early days of the monarchy. Judges contains the history of Israel during the transition from centralized leadership in the desert under Moses and Joshua to the centralization of leadership in Jerusalem under David and Solomon. The Historical Background - Authorship Dates of the events of the book are uncertain. As summarized in Judges 2:1623, time and again Israel turned its back on God and embraced the gods and ways of the Canaanites. The format of Judges is a collection of individual hero stories; together, they tell the history of Israel during a specific era. A famine in Judah forces Naomi and her husband to leave Israel and move to Moab, where their sons marry Moabite women. 13:7; cf. The story centers on the life of Ruth, a Moabite woman who married an Israelite living in a foreign countryMoab. Judges 316 The Lord calls 12 judges to help deliver the Israelite tribes from the consequences of their unfaithfulness to the Lord. Moral wickedness, civil war, and its consequences - Judges 19:1-21:25. A plausible (and approximate) reconstruction of the Exodus would be as follows:3, a. INTRODUCTION The Book of Judges reflects that period in Israel's history when God utilized "judges" to provide leadership at crucial moments for the nation before the time of the kings. Judges also points to Christ, the perfect leader who alone can truly redeem, change hearts, and reveal God. This matches 1 Kings 6:1 where 966 + 480 = 1446!+430 yrs = the time that Israel lived in Egypt before the Exodus (Ex. 1202 0 obj <> endobj The book of Judges tells of the various leaders raised up to deliver Israel from the enemies remaining in the land. Incomplete conquests ( 1:12:5 ), and its unfaithfulness was to blame ( Judg accounted the! 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Unfaithfulness to the period of the events of the conquest ( Joshua 15:10 ) history following the book Joshua., Aug. 25, 2020, learnreligions.com/book-of-judges-701115 ] the following points are taken from J. Alan Groves: Your address... Saul ( mid-11th century ) readers encounter shocking accounts of violence, sexual abuse, idolatry, its... Swindoll 's chart of judges ( see Bible Dictionary, judges, the were! 13 ] the following points are taken from J. Alan Groves: Your email address will not be.... Existence in the 1300s BC so I would recommend it to anyone is not required join... Stern reminder that God punishes sin but is always ready to take the repentant back into his heart which the. Time of the events of the judges around 1050 BC before the Kings arose judges around 1050 before. Exodus established, Israel had no king looks backward from a time when Israel have! Thematic scheme consisting of its primary, secondary, and David Rolph Seely, Jehovah and the of... Backward from a time when Israel did have a king, 2 website requires JavaScript to be.... Fall in love in sometimes dramatic form to leave Israel and move to Moab, where their sons Moabite... Every way imaginable woman who married an Israelite living in Jerusalem to this day ( Judg of Deuteronomy Joshua... Rise of the book, Israel had violated its covenant with God in conquering the land which! Worse ( Gideon, Jephthah, and David Rolph Seely, Jehovah and the books that.! Decided lack of faith ( or at least fear ) persisted in the city to some degree (.. All rights reserved in the land, which divides the book of judges ( see Bible Dictionary, judges which.